Ordnance Datum

In the British Isles, an Ordnance Datum or OD is a vertical datum used by an ordnance survey as the basis for deriving altitudes on maps. A spot height may be expressed as AOD for "above ordnance datum". Usually mean sea level (MSL) is used for the datum. In particular:


 * In Great Britain, OD for the Ordnance Survey is ODN (Ordnance Datum Newlyn), defined as the MSL at Newlyn in Cornwall between 1915 and 1921. Prior to 1921, OD was taken from the level of the Victoria Dock, Liverpool.
 * In Northern Ireland, OD for the Ordnance Survey of Northern Ireland is Belfast Ordnance Datum, the MSL at Clarendon Lock, Belfast between 1951 and 1956.
 * In the Republic of Ireland, OD for the Ordnance Survey of Ireland is Malin Ordnance Datum: the MSL at Portmoor Pier, Malin Head, County Donegal, between 1960 and 1969.
 * Prior to 1970, Poolbeg Ordnance Datum was used: the low water of spring tide at Poolbeg lighthouse, Dublin, on 8 April 1837. Poolbeg OD was about 2.7 m lower than Malin OD.

Tunnel Datum
Tunnel Datum is a datum based on Ordnance Datum used in designing tunnels which pass below sea level. By using a lower datum as the base point, negative numbers can be avoided in calculations, eliminating a possible source of mistakes.
 * for the London Underground, a tunnel datum of ODN &minus; 100m is used; thus a depth of -60 m is 40m ATD (above tunnel datum)
 * for the Channel Tunnel, a tunnel datum of ODN &minus; 200m is used; thus a depth of -60 m is 140m ATD