Torngat Mountains

The Torngat Mountains are a mountain range located on the Labrador Peninsula at the northern tip of Newfoundland and Labrador and eastern Quebec and are part of the Arctic Cordillera. This is the peninsula that separates Ungava Bay from the Atlantic Ocean. Approximately 56% of the range is located in Quebec, with 44% located in Labrador and the remaining less-than-1% located on Killiniq Island in Nunavut. The Torngat Mountains cover 30,067 square kilometres (11,609 square miles), including lowland areas and extend over 300 km from Cape Chidley in the north to Hebron Fjord in the south. The Torngat Mountains have some of the highest peaks of eastern, continental North America.

Terrain
The highest point is Mount Caubvick (also known as Mont D'Iberville) at 1652 m. There are no trees in the Torngat Mountains because the mountains are north of the Arctic tree line. Permafrost is continuous on the Quebec side of the border, and it is extensive but discontinuous on the eastern Atlantic side. The terrain more than approximately 300 m above sea level is predominantly rocky desert.

Geology
Precambrian gneisses that comprise the Torngat Mountains are among the oldest on Earth and have been dated at roughly 3.6 to 3.9 billion years old. Geologists recognize the gneisses of the Torngats as a part of the Canadian Shield or Laurentian Upland, which, composing the very old North American Craton, split from the continent of Rodinia roughly 750 million years ago to form the geologic core of North America. However, the mountain-building or orogeny of the Torngats took place much more recently, and is characteristic of the folding and faulting that defines the series of geological events known as Arctic Cordillera. This, according to some, makes the Torngats, as mountains, "distinct compared to the surrounding Precambrian Canadian Shield," though they are ultimately composed of shield rock. Evidence of this dramatic cordilleran folding and faulting characterizing the Torngat Mountains can be seen distinctly in rocks where the North American Craton long ago collided with the Nain Craton, later exposed in cross-section by glacial scouring, especially at Saglek Fjord.

Glaciation
The ranges of the Torngat Mountains are separated by deep fjords and finger lakes surrounded by sheer rock walls. The fjords were produced by glaciation. The Laurentide Ice Sheet covered most of the mountains at least once, however during the last ice age the coverage was more limited.

Currently, Parks Canada reports more than 40 active but small glaciers in the Torngat Mountains (with about 80 ice masses ).

Flora and fauna
Caribou travel through the Torngat Mountains, and polar bears roam along the coast. Numerous species of vegetation common to the Arctic region of Canada are also found in the Torngat Mountains.

History
The name Torngat is an Inuktitut word meaning place of spirits.

The Torngat Mountains National Park Reserve was announced on 1 December 2005. It aims to protect wildlife (caribou, polar bears, peregrine falcon and golden eagle among others), while offering wilderness-oriented recreational activities.