Wiki.GIS.com:GIS Trivia

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What is the minimum number of satellites a land-based GPS receiver must use to operate?
What is the minimum number of satellites a land-based GPS receiver must use to operate? 4 3  5  Global Positioning System

Who is credited with the concept of ""Digital Earth""?
Who is credited with the concept of ""Digital Earth""? Al Gore Tim Berners-Lee  Linus Torvalds  Digital Earth

In marine navigation, what is the direction one object is from another object.
In marine navigation, what is the direction one object is from another object. Bearing Relative bearing  heading  Bearing %28navigation%29

What is the study of the distribution of biodiversity over space and time that aims to reveal where organisms live, and at what abundance
What is the study of the distribution of biodiversity over space and time that aims to reveal where organisms live, and at what abundance? Biogeography Paleobiography  Biography  Biogeography

The Spanish Colonial term for a spring, that is in use in English in the southwestern United States is?
The Spanish Colonial term for a spring, that is in use in English in the southwestern United States is? Cienega Brea  Playa  Cienega

What is the name for a imaginary east-west line that connects all points on Earth that lie on the same latitude?
What is the name for a imaginary east-west line that connects all points on Earth that lie on the same latitude? Circle of latitude Equator  International dateline  Circle of latitude

In classical mechanics, what is the space of possible positions that a physical system may attain, possibly subject to external constraints?
In classical mechanics, what is the space of possible positions that a physical system may attain, possibly subject to external constraints? Configuration space Loop space  Kolmogorov space  Configuration space

What is the study of cultural products and norms and their variations across and relations to spaces and places?
What is the study of cultural products and norms and their variations across and relations to spaces and places? Cultural geography Cultural index  Cultural literacy  Cultural geography

Using a network of ground-based reference stations to broadcast positions indicated by GPS satellites and known, fixed positions is?
Using a network of ground-based reference stations to broadcast positions indicated by GPS satellites and known, fixed positions is? Diffential GPS OmniStar  Navigation Overlay Service  Differential GPS

What is standard is related to a number of other international standards and form a model for exchange of Geographic Information?
What is standard is related to a number of other international standards and form a model for exchange of Geographic Information? Digital Geographic Exchange Standard Digital Geographic Interchange Standard  Graphic Interchange Format  Digital Geographic Exchange Standard

What is the process of finding associated geographic coordinatesfrom other geographic data, such as street addresses, or zip codes?
What is the process of finding associated geographic coordinatesfrom other geographic data, such as street addresses, or zip codes? Geocoding Geotargeting  Geotagging  Geocoding

What is the XML grammar defined by the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) to express geographical features?
What is the XML grammar defined by the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) to express geographical features? Geography Markup Language G-HTML  GeoMarkup  Geography Markup Language

What is the process of assigning geographic identifiers (e.g., codes or geographic coordinates expressed as latitude-longitude) to textual words and phrases that occur in unstructured content?
What is the process of assigning geographic identifiers (e.g., codes or geographic coordinates expressed as latitude-longitude) to textual words and phrases that occur in unstructured content? Geoparsing Geotagging  Geocoding  Geoparsing

What term implies the merging of geographical information with abstract information that currently dominates the Internet?
What term implies the merging of geographical information with abstract information that currently dominates the Internet? Geospatial Web iGeo Exchange  Virtual Globe  Geoweb

What is the process of adding geographical identification metadata to various media such as photographs, video, websites, or RSS feeds and is a form of geospatial metadata?
What is the process of adding geographical identification metadata to various media such as photographs, video, websites, or RSS feeds and is a form of geospatial metadata? Geotagging Geotargeting  Geography Markup Language  Geotagging

A name for the amount of inclination of a surface is?
A name for the amount of inclination of a surface is? Grade Acute Angle  Altitude  Grade_(slope)

The use of multilateration to determine the location of GSM mobile phones is?
The use of multilateration to determine the location of GSM mobile phones is? GSM localization Differential GPS  Trilateration  GSM localization

A method of representing relief on a map to show orientation of slope and steepness by means of thickness and density is?
A method of representing relief on a map to show orientation of slope and steepness by means of thickness and density is? Hachure map Topographic map  Dufour map  Hachure map

The name of the mountain range in Asia, separating the Indian subcontinent from the Tibetan Plateau is?
The name of the mountain range in Asia, separating the Indian subcontinent from the Tibetan Plateau is? Himalaya Range Mount Everest  K2  Himalayas

What is the name of the early web service developed by Xerox at its Palo Alto Research Center?
What is the name of the early web service developed by Xerox at its Palo Alto Research Center? Map Viewer Web Map  CGI View  Xerox PARC Map Viewer

The person who is often credited as the founder of modern maritime navigation
The person who is often credited as the founder of modern maritime navigation Nathaniel Bowditch Ferdinand Magellan  Charlie Marlow  Nathaniel Bowditch

What is the name of the GPS system developed by the United States Department of Defense?
What is the name of the GPS system developed by the United States Department of Defense? NAVSTAR GPS ONSTAR GPS  Differential GPS  Global Positioning System

In which month does the global event ""GIS Day"" occur?
In which month does the global event ""GIS Day"" occur? November February  July  GIS Day

What is the study of what the geography was in times past?
What is the study of what the geography was in times past? Palaeogeography Paleontology  Paleoecology  Palaeogeography

The study of the historical processes that may be responsible for the contemporary geographic distributions of individuals?
The study of the historical processes that may be responsible for the contemporary geographic distributions of individuals? Phylogeography Palaeogeography  Paleontology  Phylogeography

The name for all cartographic materials produced for objects with solid surfaces external to the Earth is?
The name for all cartographic materials produced for objects with solid surfaces external to the Earth is? Planetary cartography Solar System Mapping  Planetary Indices  Planetary cartography

Which United State Executive Branch member issued a directive making GPS available for free civilian use?
Which United State Executive Branch member issued a directive making GPS available for free civilian use? Ronald Reagan Al Gore  George HW Bush  Global Positioning System

What is a method used to define stream size based on a hierarchy of tributaries?
What is a method used to define stream size based on a hierarchy of tributaries? Strahler number Stream flow  Multi-stream flow  Strahler number

A type of map characterized by large-scale detail and quantitative representation of relief, usually using contour lines is?
A type of map characterized by large-scale detail and quantitative representation of relief, usually using contour lines is? Topographic map Chorographic maps  Aerial Map  Topographic map

Determining the location of a point by measuring angles to it from known points at either end of a fixed baseline is known as?
Determining the location of a point by measuring angles to it from known points at either end of a fixed baseline is known as? Triangulation Angle of Arrival  Unilateration  Triangulation

Name a method used by GPS devices to compute exact location based on signals received from a satellite and the time that signal takes to get from the satellite to the receiver?
Name a method used by GPS devices to compute exact location based on signals received from a satellite and the time that signal takes to get from the satellite to the receiver? Trilateration Triangulation  Derivation  Trilateration

What defines something's existance in physical space that establishes its location in terms of map projections or coordinate systems?
What defines something's existance in physical space that establishes its location in terms of map projections or coordinate systems? Georeference Geotagging  Geocoding  Georeference

A Gnomonic projection is?
A Gnomonic projection is? A map projection that displays all great circles as straight lines. A cylindrical map projection. "A projection that maps meridians to equally-spaced vertical straight lines, and circles of latitude to evenly spread horizontal lines. Gnomonic projection

This map projection is a sphere that is projected onto a hemisphere of the globe as it appears from deep space.
This map projection is a sphere that is projected onto a hemisphere of the globe as it appears from deep space. Orthographic projection Mercator projection  Gnomic projection  Orthographic projection %28cartography%29

Which of these prominent geographers is the former geography editor on ""Good Morning America"" and the former editor of National Geographic Magazine?
Which of these prominent geographers is the former geography editor on ""Good Morning America"" and the former editor of National Geographic Magazine? Harm de Blig Edward Soja  Neil Smith  Harm de Blij

This is an image data structure representing a generally rectangular grid of pixels.
This is an image data structure representing a generally rectangular grid of pixels. Raster graphics Vector graphics  Stereo stenography  Raster graphics

What is an emergent paradigm for multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary research that enables the exploration of previously insoluble, extraordinarily intricate problems in geographic context?
What is an emergent paradigm for multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary research that enables the exploration of previously insoluble, extraordinarily intricate problems in geographic context? GeoComputation Geoprocessing  Geo-imputation  GeoComputation

What is the name of the science which develops and uses information science infrastructure to address the problems of geography, geosciences and related branches of engineering
What is the name of the science which develops and uses information science infrastructure to address the problems of geography, geosciences and related branches of engineering Geoinformatics GeoComputation  Geoprocessing  Geoinformatics

What is the name of a principal north-south line used for survey control in a large region?
What is the name of a principal north-south line used for survey control in a large region? Principal meridian Greenwich Meridian  Baseline  Principal meridian

The study and practice of making geographical maps is?
The study and practice of making geographical maps is? Cartography Geography  Topology  Cartography

This is the scientific study of landforms and the processes that shape them.
This is the scientific study of landforms and the processes that shape them. Geomorphology Geology  Geography  Geomorphology

The measurement of land elevation relative to sea level is?
The measurement of land elevation relative to sea level is? Hypsometry Hypsography  Hydrology  Hypsometry

This mathematical system uniquely defines a point as a pair of numerical coordinates.
This mathematical system uniquely defines a point as a pair of numerical coordinates. Cartesian coordinate system Euclidean geometry  Geographic coordinate system  Cartesian coordinate system

This mathematical system is a coordinate system for three-dimensional space where the position is specified by three numbers.
This mathematical system is a coordinate system for three-dimensional space where the position is specified by three numbers. Spherical coordinate system Cartesian coordinate system  Geographic coordinate system  Spherical coordinate system

==This topology term states that every non-self-intersecting loop in a plane divides the plane into an "inside" and an "outside" and any path connecting a point of one region to a point of the other intersects that loop somewhere== This topology term states that every non-self-intersecting loop in a plane divides the plane into an ""inside"" and an ""outside"" and any path connecting a point of one region to a point of the other intersects that loop somewhere. Jordan curve theorem Nielsen theory  Kuratowski's closure-complement problem  Jordan curve theorem

This is a type of topographical space constructed by the joining of points, line segments, triangles and their n-dimensional counterparts.
This is a type of topographical space constructed by the joining of points, line segments, triangles and their n-dimensional counterparts. Simplicial complex Vector product format  Triangulation  Simplicial complex

This is a collection of plane figures that fills a plane with no overlaps or gaps.
This is a collection of plane figures that fills a plane with no overlaps or gaps. Tessellation Shapefile  Tychonoff space  Tessellation

This special-purpose map shows geologic rock features.
This special-purpose map shows geologic rock features. Geologic map Topographic map  Raised-relief map  Geologic map

This classical astronomical and surveying instrument, dating from the 3rd century BCE was a sighting tube or, alternatively, a rod with a sight at both ends, attached to a stand.
This classical astronomical and surveying instrument, dating from the 3rd century BCE was a sighting tube or, alternatively, a rod with a sight at both ends, attached to a stand. Dioptra Quadrant  Alidade  Dioptra

This device allows one to sight a distant object and use the line of sight to perform a task.
This device allows one to sight a distant object and use the line of sight to perform a task. Alidade Sextant  Quadrant  Alidade

Who devised the Equal Area Cylinder projection?
Who devised the Equal Area Cylinder projection? Johann Heinrich Lambert James Gall  Arno Peters  http://wiki.gis.com/wiki/index.php/Equal_Area_Cylindrical

What is the name of the map projection used by Rand McNally and National Geographic until about 1970?
What is the name of the map projection used by Rand McNally and National Geographic until about 1970? Robinson Projection Winkel Tripel projection  Craster Parabolic  http://wiki.gis.com/wiki/index.php/Robinson_Projection

What projection does Google Maps use?
What projection does Google Maps use? Mercator projection Robinson Projection  Winkel Tripel projection  http://wiki.gis.com/wiki/index.php/Google_Maps

What is the name of the hydrological divide of the Americas that largely separates Pacific and Atlantic watershed drains?
What is the name of the hydrological divide of the Americas that largely separates Pacific and Atlantic watershed drains? Continental Divide or Great Divide Eastern  Northern  http://wiki.gis.com/wiki/index.php/Continental_Divide_of_the_Americas

What is the geography discipline that studies the patterns and processes that shape human interaction?
What is the geography discipline that studies the patterns and processes that shape human interaction? Human geography Sociology  environmental geography  http://wiki.gis.com/wiki/index.php/Human_geography

What year was the National Spatial Data Infrastructure started?
What year was the National Spatial Data Infrastructure started? 1994 1999  1997  http://wiki.gis.com/wiki/index.php/Geoportal

What is the process of changing an image from a vector format to a pixel-based format?
What is the process of changing an image from a vector format to a pixel-based format? Rasteration Bit mapping  Ray Tracing  http://wiki.gis.com/wiki/index.php/Rasterisation

What is the geographic term for thick, peat-filled swamps found in South Eastern Virginia and North Eastern North Carolina?
What is the geographic term for thick, peat-filled swamps found in South Eastern Virginia and North Eastern North Carolina? Poquoson Peat Bogs  Marsh  http://wiki.gis.com/wiki/index.php/Poquoson_%28geographic_term%29

An Eckert III map projection is often confused with this projection.
An Eckert III map projection is often confused with this projection. Ortelius Oval Map Orthographic projection  Mercator projection  http://wiki.gis.com/wiki/index.php/Eckert_III_projection

What is the geographic term for the meeting of two or more bodies of water?
What is the geographic term for the meeting of two or more bodies of water? Confluence Delta  Affluent  http://wiki.gis.com/wiki/index.php/Confluence

What is the historical astronomical instrument used to locate and predict the position of astrological bodies?
What is the historical astronomical instrument used to locate and predict the position of astrological bodies? Astrolabe Alidade  Quadrant  http://wiki.gis.com/wiki/index.php/Astrolabe

What is the name given to the unknown author of the Greek classic text "The Circumnavigation of the Earth".
What is the name given to the unknown author of the Greek classic text "The Circumnavigation of the Earth". Pseudo-Scymnus Augustus Meineke  King Nicomedes  http://wiki.gis.com/wiki/index.php/Pseudo-Scymnus

What is the process of estimating one's current position based upon a previously determined position?
What is the process of estimating one's current position based upon a previously determined position? Dead reckoning Triangulation  Locating  http://wiki.gis.com/wiki/index.php/Dead_reckoning

The name of a pseudo-cylindrical "flat-polar" world map projection.
"The name of a pseudo-cylindrical ""flat-polar"" world map projection." Eckert I projection Orthographic projection  Mercator projection  http://wiki.gis.com/wiki/index.php/Eckert_I_projection

What is the apparent path that the sun traces out in the sky during the year?
What is the apparent path that the sun traces out in the sky during the year? Ecliptic Ecliptic Plane  Celestial Sphere  http://wiki.gis.com/wiki/index.php/Ecliptic

What is the name of the ancient geographer, cartographer and mathematician who founded mathematical geography?
What is the name of the ancient geographer, cartographer and mathematician who founded mathematical geography? Marinus of Tyre Claudius  Ptolemy  Anaximander  http://wiki.gis.com/wiki/index.php/Marinus_of_Tyre

What is the placement of an image or video on top of already-existing image or video called?
What is the placement of an image or video on top of already-existing image or video called? Superimposition Rubber sheeting  Cartographic relief depiction  http://wiki.gis.com/wiki/index.php/Superimposition

This is a scale map showing the divisions of a piece of land.
This is a scale map showing the divisions of a piece of land. Plat Zone Improvement Plan  Subdivision Map  http://wiki.gis.com/wiki/index.php/Plat

What is a graphical tool used by meteorologists to give a view of wind speed and direction distribution?
What is a graphical tool used by meteorologists to give a view of wind speed and direction distribution? Wind rose Wind sock  Anemometer  http://wiki.gis.com/wiki/index.php/Wind_rose

== A term by which the victim country describes any act, in particular the publication of maps or other material by a neighbouring country, which purports to show part of what it perceives as its own territory as belonging to the other country. == A term by which the victim country describes any act, in particular the publication of maps or other material by a neighbouring country, which purports to show part of what it perceives as its own territory as belonging to the other country. Cartographic aggression Cartographic distortion  Cartographic dissonance. http://wiki.gis.com/wiki/index.php/Cartographic_aggression

The system that divides a chart of the world with latitude-longitude gridlines between 80 deg. N and 70 deg. S latitudes into grid cells of 10 deg. latitude by 10 deg. longitude.
The system that divides a chart of the world with latitude-longitude gridlines between 80 deg. N and 70 deg. S latitudes into grid cells of 10 deg. latitude by 10 deg. longitude. Marsden square Spatial Index  Geodesic grid  http://wiki.gis.com/wiki/index.php/Marsden_square

What is Limnology?
What is Limnology? The study of inland waters. Hydrology Hydrography  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limnology

What is the identification of the real-world geographic location of an Internet-connected computer, mobile device, website visitor or other?
What is the identification of the real-world geographic location of an Internet-connected computer, mobile device, website visitor or other? Geolocation Geo targeting  Geotagging  http://wiki.gis.com/wiki/index.php/Geolocation

What is the aggregation process in which a new map feature is created by merging adjacent polygons, lines, or regions that have a common value for a specified attribute?
What is the aggregation process in which a new map feature is created by merging adjacent polygons, lines, or regions that have a common value for a specified attribute? Dissolve Merging  Blurring  http://wiki.gis.com/wiki/index.php/Dissolve

Which projection is a star-shaped azimuthal world map projection that is neither conformal nor equal area, however the Northern Hemisphere of the Earth in this projection is azimuthal equidistant?
Which projection is a star-shaped azimuthal world map projection that is neither conformal nor equal area, however the Northern Hemisphere of the Earth in this projection is azimuthal equidistant? Berghaus Star projection Eckert I projection  Orthographic projection  http://wiki.gis.com/wiki/index.php/Berghaus_Star_projection

What is a term sometimes used to describe a map projection which is neither equal-area nor conformal
What is a term sometimes used to describe a map projection which is neither equal-area nor conformal Aphylactic projection Mercator projection  Robinson Projection  http://wiki.gis.com/wiki/index.php/Aphylactic_projection

In geography the __________________ of any place on Earth is the point on the Earth's surface which is diametrically opposite to it.
In geography the __________________ of any place on Earth is the point on the Earth's surface which is diametrically opposite to it. Antipodes Earth Point  Autocorrelation  http://wiki.gis.com/wiki/index.php/Antipodes

What term refers to the elevation (on the ground) or altitude (in the air) of any object, relative to the average sea level datum?
What term refers to the elevation (on the ground) or altitude (in the air) of any object, relative to the average sea level datum? Above mean sea level Altitude  True altitude  http://wiki.gis.com/wiki/index.php/Above_mean_sea_level

What is the study of underwater depth of the third dimension of lake or ocean floors?
What is the study of underwater depth of the third dimension of lake or ocean floors? Bathymetry Ocean surface topography  Hydrology  http://wiki.gis.com/wiki/index.php/Bathymetry

== ______________ is a comparatively flat area of great extent and elevation; specifically an extensive land region considerably elevated (more than 100 meters) above adjacent lower-lying terrain, and is commonly limited on at least one side by an abrupt descent, has a flat or nearly level surface. == ______________ is a comparatively flat area of great extent and elevation; specifically an extensive land region considerably elevated (more than 100 meters) above adjacent lower-lying terrain, and is commonly limited on at least one side by an abrupt descent, has a flat or nearly level surface. Plateau Mesa  elevated plane  http://wiki.gis.com/wiki/index.php/Plateau

What is the process of back coding of a point location (latitude, longitude) to a readable address or place name?
What is the process of back coding of a point location (latitude, longitude) to a readable address or place name? Reverse geocoding Geo tracking  Geo referencing  http://wiki.gis.com/wiki/index.php/Reverse_geocoding

What type of map design visually represents an imaginary or fictional geography?
What type of map design visually represents an imaginary or fictional geography? Fantasy map Dymaxion map  Thematic map  http://wiki.gis.com/wiki/index.php/Fantasy_map

This is a library for reading and writing raster geospatial data formats.
This is a library for reading and writing raster geospatial data formats. GDAL Grass  Ossim  http://wiki.gis.com/wiki/index.php/GDAL

________________ is a database-driven solution to identify visitors' geographical location
________________ is a database-driven solution to identify visitors' geographical location IP2Location Geo tracking  IP Address  http://wiki.gis.com/wiki/index.php/IP2Location

What is the process of adding geographical identification metadata to various media such as photographs, video, websites, or RSS feeds and is a form of geospatial metadata?
What is the process of adding geographical identification metadata to various media such as photographs, video, websites, or RSS feeds and is a form of geospatial metadata? Geotagging Geocaching  Geoinformation  http://wiki.gis.com/wiki/index.php/Geotagging

_____________ is a method of thematic mapping, which uses areal symbols to spatially classify volumetric data. The method was developed and named by Tyan-Shansky and popularised by J.K. Wright.
_____________ is a method of thematic mapping, which uses areal symbols to spatially classify volumetric data. The method was developed and named by Tyan-Shansky and popularised by J.K. Wright. Dasymetric map choropleth maps  Topographic map  http://wiki.gis.com/wiki/index.php/Dasymetric_map

What is a general term used to describe Medieval European maps of the world?
What is a general term used to describe Medieval European maps of the world? Mappa mundi Here be dragons  Tabula Peutingeriana  http://wiki.gis.com/wiki/index.php/Mappa_mundi

A _____________ is a wedge-shaped sediment deposit observed on coastlines around the world. These formations sometimes include tiny fossils from the ocean.
A _____________ is a wedge-shaped sediment deposit observed on coastlines around the world. These formations sometimes include tiny fossils from the ocean. Chevron Delta  Marsh  http://wiki.gis.com/wiki/index.php/Chevron_%28land_form%29

___________ is a group of statistical techniques to interpolate the value of a random field at an unobserved location from observations of its value at nearby locations.
___________ is a group of statistical techniques to interpolate the value of a random field at an unobserved location from observations of its value at nearby locations. Kriging Spatial dependence  Sampling variogram  http://wiki.gis.com/wiki/index.php/Kriging

In 1119 this geographer edited and updated the Geographica, a geographic encyclopedia first created in the eighth century.
In 1119 this geographer edited an updated the Geographica, a geographic encyclopedia first created in the eighth century. Guido of Pisa Benedetto Bordone  Fra Mauro  http://wiki.gis.com/wiki/index.php/Guido_of_Pisa

__________ is the submerged equivalent of an above-water topographic map.
__________ is the submerged equivalent of an above-water topographic map. Bathymetric chart hydrography  hydrographic chart  http://wiki.gis.com/wiki/index.php/Bathymetric_chart

___________, in its strictest sense, is the process of gathering information about navigable waters for the purposes of safe navigation of vessels.
___________, in its strictest sense, is the process of gathering information about navigable waters for the purposes of safe navigation of vessels. Hydrographic survey Bathymetry  Ocean surface topography  http://wiki.gis.com/wiki/index.php/Hydrographic_survey

The German cartographer who wrote a pioneering Cosmographia and created two globes depicting earth and sky in 1477, thus predating the Erdapfel of Martin Behaim.
The German cartographer who wrote a pioneering Cosmographia and created two globes depicting earth and sky in 1477, thus predating the Erdapfel of Martin Behaim. Nicolaus Germanus Friedrich Gerhard Rohlfs  Alfred Merz  http://wiki.gis.com/wiki/index.php/Nicolaus_Germanus

The branch of mathematics which uses tools from abstract algebra to study topological spaces is?
The branch of mathematics which uses tools from abstract algebra to study topological spaces is? Algebraic topology Higher dimensional algebra  Homotopy  http://wiki.gis.com/wiki/index.php/Algebraic_topology

_____________ is a digital representation of ground surface topography or terrain.
_____________ is a digital representation of ground surface topography or terrain. Digital Elevation Model Topographic maps  stereo photogrammetry  http://wiki.gis.com/wiki/index.php/Digital_elevation_model

The __________ are a mountain range across a northern stretch of Africa extending about 2,400 km (1,500 miles) through Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia.
The __________ are a mountain range across a northern stretch of Africa extending about 2,400 km (1,500 miles) through Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia. Atlas Mountains Marrah Mountains  Rwenzori Mountains  http://wiki.gis.com/wiki/index.php/Atlas_Mountains

___________ is a problem in combinatorial optimization studied in operations research and theoretical computer science.
___________ is a problem in combinatorial optimization studied in operations research and theoretical computer science. Travelling salesman problem Dijkstra's algorithm  geodesic  http://wiki.gis.com/wiki/index.php/Travelling_salesman_problem

___________ is hypothetical surface representing the form the earth's oceans would take if there were no land and the water were free to respond to the earth's gravitational and centrifugal forces.
___________ is hypothetical surface representing the form the earth's oceans would take if there were no land and the water were free to respond to the earth's gravitational and centrifugal forces. geoid Oblate spheroid  Maclaurin spheroid  http://wiki.gis.com/wiki/index.php/Geoid

___________ was a native of Alexandria, Egypt. All that is known of him is that he was the designer of some maps to accompany Ptolemy's Geographia.
"___________ was a native of Alexandria, Egypt. All that is known of him is that he was the designer of some maps to accompany Ptolemy's Geographia." Agathodaemon Eratosthenes  Marinus of Tyre  http://wiki.gis.com/wiki/index.php/Agathodaemon_%28cartographer%29

