Polje

From Wiki.GIS.com

A polje (or karst polje) is a large, flat-floored closed depression in karst territory whose drainage is ultimately subsurface and its floor commonly covered by alluvium.^[1] Poljes have areas usually from 5 to 400 km². The name derives from the word for "field" in the Slovene language, also found in other Slavic languages.^[2]

A polje, in geological terminology,^[2] is a large, flat-floored depression within karst limestone, whose long axis develops in parallel with major structural trends and can become several miles (tens of kilometers) long. Superficial deposits tend to accumulate along the floor. Drainage may be either by surface watercourses (as an open polje) or by swallow holes (as a closed polje) or ponors. Usually, the ponors cannot transmit entire flood flows, so many poljes become wet-season lakes. The structure of some poljes is related to the geological structure, but others are purely the result of lateral dissolution and planation. The development of poljes is fostered by any blockage in the karst drainage.^[2]

A polje or karst polje covers the flatbottomed lands of closed basins^[2] which may extend over large areas, up to 1,000 km². The flat floor of a polje may consist of bare limestone, of a nonsoluble formation (as with rolling topography), or of soil. A polje typically shows complex hydrogeological characteristics such as exsurgences, estavelles, swallow holes, and lost rivers. In colloquial use, the term "polje" designates flat-bottomed lands which are overgrown or are under cultivation.

The Dinaric Karst has many poljes.^[2] Synonym: interior valley; French: polje; German: Polje; Greek: polye; Italian: polje; Russian: polje; Spanish: polje; Turkish: golova, polye; Yugoslavian: polje.^[2]

They are mostly distributed in subtropical and tropical latitudes but some also appear in temperate or, rarely, boreal regions. Usually covered with thick sediments, called "terra rossa", they are used extensively for agricultural purposes.

Some poljes of the Dinaric Alps are inundated during the rainy winters and spring seasons as masses of water called izvor or vrelo appears at the margins. The water disappears through shafts called ponor.

Prominent karst poljes are Livanjsko polje (about 60km long and 7km wide) and Glamoĝko Polje in Bosnia, Popovo Polje in Herzegovina, Logaško, Planinsko Polje and Lake Cerknica in Slovenia, Nikšićko Polje in Montenegro, Liĝko Polje in Lika, Croatia.

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